Melanoma is not only a cancer of the skin. Melanoma can and frequently does affect the eye. There are multiple types of ocular melanoma. This cancer not only affects the skin around the eye and the eyelids but can appear on the white of the eye (conjunctiva) and in the structures inside the eye. Most dark spots are simply naevi (freckles) and are not a concern. They can also occur on the iris and in the retina. (It’s important for these to be noted and watched on your yearly eye exam.)
It is important to see an ophthalmologist if the freckle or brown spot on your eyelids or on the white of the eye changes – increases size or changes shape or color. Remember, early detection is key in treating this condition. A local excision may be curative before it has a chance to metastasize at which time the prognosis is grim. Sunglasses are important for many reasons (guarding against UV rays which cause cataracts and retinal disease for example) but especially for increasing the risk of ocular melanoma.
Eye melanoma symptoms:
- In the early stages the person may have no symptoms (the person will not know there is a melanoma in the eye till he/she has their eyes checked and looked into with the opthalmoscope by the optician/ opthalmologist/ optometrist)
- The benign form of eye melanoma is called a nevus. Regular checks and close watching on it are done to ensure that it doesn’t turn into a melanoma.
- When it grows larger – there may be blurred vision, double vision, decrease in vision, retinal detachment and loss of vision)
- If the melanoma is on the conjunctiva or the iris it will be seen as a blackish/brownish spot on the iris/conjunctiva.
- If not caught and treated early, eye melanomas can spread to other parts of the body, mainly the liver.
Treatments for eye melanoma?

- Cryotherapy and plaque therapy. (to freeze and/or burn the melanoma)
- Laser therapy.
- Surgery to remove the eye, this is called an enucleation.
- Surgery to remove part of the eye, such as iridectomy and iridocyclectomy.
- Chemotherapy.
- Radiotherapy.
To know more about the signs and symptoms of melanoma, click here.









